Miscellaneous Functionality

The index for the Allegro CL Documentation is in index.htm. The documentation is described in introduction.htm.

This document contains the following sections:

1.0 Introduction

This document describes functionality that does not naturally fit in any of the other overview documents.

2.0 The fasl reader/writer

The functions fasl-write and fasl-read provide a mechanism for writing Lisp data and subsequently reading it back into a Lisp image. It can handle many of the common Lisp data types. It can optionally detect circularity and structure sharing in the data and recreate the same topology up to eql-ness of components. The data is written in a binary file format similar to that used for compiled Lisp files, not in ASCII.

Among the advantages of fasl-read and fasl-write over standard Common Lisp read and print functions is that data does not have to be converted to its printed representation prior to being written (that conversion takes a significant amount of time for complex objects). The main disadvantage is that the files (unlike ASCII files with printed representations of Lisp objects) are not at all portable between versions of Lisp (or even between versions of Allegro CL on different platforms or between major releases of Allegro CL).

Not all Lisp objects may be written with fasl-write (and thus are not available to be read by fasl-read). The objects that cannot be written are CLOS objects, streams, stacks, or c-allocated data (cstructs). You can use fasl-open to open a file suitable for numerous fasl-write's. (fasl-read reads all of whatever file is specified to it.)

fasl-read reads the entire contents of its argument file. However, fasl-write, if its argument is a stream rather than a filename, writes data to the stream but does not close it. Thus you can open a stream and do multiple fasl-write's to it. The stream must have :element-type(unsigned-byte 8). fasl-open opens an appropriate stream, as shown in the example.

Here is a simple-minded example to show the correct syntax and give an idea of the effect:

(excl:fasl-write '(a b #1=#:c (#1#) #*1011 #(1 2 3) 
                  
1 1.1 1.1d0 1/2
                  
#c(1 1) #c(1.5 1.5) "abc")
     "test.fw")
(excl:fasl-read "test.fw")

(setq f (fasl-open "test2.fw")) 
(excl:fasl-write '(a b c) f) 
(excl:fasl-write '#1=(a b . #1#) f t) 
(excl:fasl-write '#(1 2 3 4.5) f)
(close f)

(excl:fasl-read "test2.fw")

3.0 Miscellaneous extensions

The table describes those extensions to Common Lisp that do not naturally fit elsewhere in the documentation. We only provide brief information in the table. Please follow the link to the documentation page for a full description.

4.0 Creating and using pll files

A pll file can be used in association with a Lisp image. It contains constant code vectors and strings that can be shared among many Lisp objects. When an image uses a pll file and a function is compiled, the new codevector is compared to codevectors in the pll file. If a match is found, the match is used and no new codevector is allocated. Similarly, if a constant string is specified (with excl:pure-string) and a matching string appears in the pll file, no new string is allocated and the match is used. Strings in a pll file cannot be modified. Attempting to do so causes an error. (Neither can codevectors be modified but there is no user-visible way to modify codevectors as there is with strings.)

Strings and codevectors in a pll file are not also (after being garbage collected) in the Lisp heap. Thus if a string has been successfully purified, it will not be in the heap after a global gc. A total count of strings and codevectors is shown in the output of (room t).

pll files are created with the cvdcvt program described next.

cvdcvt

Arguments: [-o outfilename] [-u] [file1 file2 …]

A .pll file, outfilename, is created holding all the unique code vectors and strings. If outfilename is omitted it defaults to code.blob.

If -u is specified, then no duplications of strings are done, otherwise for every string that has no lowercase characters in it and at least one uppercase character, a lowercase copy is added to the output file. This is the default and is useful for set-case-mode. If no files are specified, stdin is used.

.str (string) files and .cvs (code vector) files are combined without redundancies; if two files of the same extension have identical objects, the object from the file specified first to cvdcvt is retained, and the latter object is removed from the output. This allows for files (.cvs files especially) to be arranged by code vectors in order of execution, to provide for locality of reference. Those .cvs files that were produced by training techniques should be placed first in order to have the desired effect.

As said in the description, pll files are built out of cvs files and str files. cvs files are created with sys:write-codevectors and can be created by sys:flush-codevectors. str files are created with sys:record-strings. See also sys:record-training.

The following functions can be used to associate a pll file with an image, to find out which pll file is used with an image, and to use strings in the pll file.

5.0 MD5 support

Allegro CL, starting in release 6.0, provides support for MD5 (Message Digest, version 5) within Lisp. (Message digest represents text in the form of a single string of digits.)

The functions available are:

• md5-init
• md5-update
• md5-final
• md5-file
• md5-string
• hex-string-to-integer
• integer-to-hex-string

Copyright (c) 1998-2000, Franz Inc. Berkeley, CA., USA. All rights reserved. Created 2000.10.5.