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Capabilities
Planning
ERE was designed as to be a planner, among other things. It is
accomplished mainly in the Projector
module which when given a strategy from the Reductor, builts a
graph of possible future behaviors. The behavior constraints are used to
prune the tree of unacceptable behaviors.
Prediction
Prediction is possible in ERE because it has a Causal Theory which contains a
description of:
- a description of the control actions that can be taken by the
system is required. Without it, the system could produce no
behaviors. These actions are defined by their preconditions and
probability distributions of their possible effects.
- exogenous events that are outside of the system's control can be
optionally supplied. This information will be used primarily by the
Projector to reason about possible system behaviors.
- domain constraints must be provided. These constraints specify
those facts which can never co-occur; these constraints are used by
all system components to maintain the consistency of the world model.
Reactivity
ERE achieves reactivness through the Situated
Control Rules (SCRs) that are either provided by the user or are compiled while planning. These rules
are used by the Reductor to select an action for execution.
When Reactor senses a change in the environment, an applicable
SCRs will fire and recommend an action.
Reactivity is also achieved because the Reductor and
Projector can receive sensor signals. The Reductor can
notice if changes in the environment have made its problem
decomposition invalid. The Projector can notice if changes in
the environment have made its behavior graph invalid. The latter is
very difficult and hasn't been implemented as yet.
Taskability
Their definition of taskability is that the system can accept a
new goal anytime. This is possible in ERE. The Reactor can
accept any goal as long as there are appropriate SCRs. If there
aren't then the Projector would have to be invoked to compile
SCRs. If the strategy being used the Projector at that time is
inappropriate for the new goal, then the Reductor would have to
be invoked to do so. This could lead to significant computation, but
note that it is a conservative approach in that the computational
demands propagate back only as far as they need to.
Learning
Currently, there are three types of knowledge in the system that can be
acquired and refined:
- Causal Theory can be refined
by detecting and recovering from failures. These failures detected
when there are discrepancies between the real state of the world and
the projected state. These failures may be cause from either missing
operator preconditions, missing operator outcomes, or missing domain
constraints. An EBL technique has been implemented that resolves the
first cause. Work continues on methods for overcome the other two
causes.
- Situation Control Rules can
be acquired and refined through caching goal-satisfying behaviors
synthesized by the Projector. SCRs can be formed with a vary
in their degree of generality. This process is not unlike the goal
regression, knowledge compilation learning technique called chunking that is used in Soar.
- Problem Reduction Rules
can be refined in the face of inappropriate problem-solving behavior.
Recall that ERE can perform in an anytime manner: the Reactor may
be forced to perform an action before the Projector has
completed planning. It is possible that the action taken was
inappropriate in the long run. The system would have to backtrack.
The probability of backtracking can be reduced by incrementally
refining the problem reduction rules such that the subproblems are
more independently solvable.
Navigation/Manipulation
Since the architecture is designed for planning, scheduling, and
control, it is certainly conceivable that it is applicable to robot
tasks where navigation and/or manipulation is required.
Coherent Behavior
ERE is considered to behaves coherently and rationality because it has
the ability to act at anytime and
uses all the knowledge that it has at its disposal, whether it was
synthesized or provided by the user.
Perception
ERE must be interfaceable to sensors (see Reactivity). There weren't any details about
this in the reference however.
Other
ERE was designed to integrate planning, control, and
scheduling. Scheduling is the ordering, in time and space, of
operators in accordance with a given set of constraints. This is the
only architecture we've studied that was concerned with scheduling.