Three specific problems are claimed to be addressed by the architecture:
Perception
Van Lehn argues that certain human behaviors emerge from consideration
of the spatial domain. In other words, perception leaches into the
process of problem solving in significant ways. Perception is not
simply the analysis of the environment and the assertion of predicates
about the environment.
Specifically, the exemplar problem of columnar arithmetic seems to require that perception integrate directly into the cognitive process for the problem to be solved. For one to associate the various digits with the other digits correctly (horizontally adjacent digits as part of the same number and vertically adjacent digits as ones to be operated upon) perception must provide the data regarding adjacency.